Baby Arabic Lessons.

[Mu'awiya]

Asalaam alaikum

Baby Arabic Lessons


Learn the basics of arabic from here Insha Allaah (God willing.)



Allah will make the language of the Qur'an easy for those who intend to learn it for the purpose of understanding the Qur'an. You'll notice that you'll gain wisdom and better understanding of language and loads of other concepts in life, once you start learning it's patterns.


We have sent it down as an Arabic Qur'an, in order that ye may learn wisdom.

(Surah Yusuf 12:2)




I know the basics, and alhamdulillah since i've remembered some of these short techniques, i've been able to understand alot of what has been said, or atleast i've been able to get a basic understanding of what i recite. Inshaa Allaah it will be of benefit to you too.


I'm guessing you already know the basic arabic letters and their sounds inshaa Allaah, if not - the following picture will be a basic guideline. But i won't be going into depth regarding that since the aim of this is to learn just the basic aspects of the arabic language and a little grammar.




http://img182.imageshack.us/img182/1092/lang2fg0.gif
http://img182.imageshack.us/img182/1092/lang2fg0.gif

[Mu'awiya]

Connectives

The first thing we'll be looking at are connectives, i'll list a few and you have to try to memorise them. They're really simple to learn, and once you get hold of them you'll be able to understand or visualise what the next thing is in the passage.

Al = The


Fee = In / On the.


Wa = And


Fa = So



Maa = What


Man = Who


Min = from


Hat-aa = Until


Z/Dhaalik = that




New ones Added:


Inn = Surely/Verily


il-laa = except


Li = for


Examples:


Al = The.

(Al) Madina (The City)



Fee = In / On the.

(Fee) In the earth / On the earth.



Wa = And.


(Wa) and he was happy.



Fa = So.


(Fa) so he started to smile.



Try to memorise those, if you can you will find that they are mentioned alot in the Qur'an. You'll gradually realise that words are mentioned many times in Qur'an repeatedly, and Allaah makes it easy for us alhamdulillah (the praise is for Allaah.)


If i've missed any, please do add and inshaa Allaah (Allaah willing) we'll be talking about prefixes and suffixes next lesson.

[Mu'awiya]

Prefixes and Suffixes



Prefixes

Prefixes are usually placed at the beginning of a word, usually to make it understandable that the thing being discussed is a human.

The main one in the arabic language is MU (the meem with a dhamma/peysh.) It can be placed infront of any word nearly; i.e. Muslim, Muhsin, Mu'min etc.


It's usually placed before an action or to personify it. (Someone please correct me if i'm wrong?)


I.e.

Muslim (someone who submits)

Mushrik (someone who commits shirk/association of partners)

Muhsin (someone who does good)




Suffixes


Suffixes are at the end of a word, in the arabic language they are mainly; OON and EEN.


The OON usually refers to the past tense.

The EEN usually refers to the present or future.


It's required to make something plural.




So for example, if there are alot of ---. In the arabic language it would be;


Muslimoon/Muslimeen

Muhsinoon/Muhsineen

Mushrikoon/Mushrikeen



Try to make the following words into plurals inshaa Allaah:Mu'min. (one who believes)

Mujaahid. (one who strives)

Mujrim (one who sins)

Mutahir (one who is pure)

Mujadil (one who disputes)

[Mu'awiya]

Numbers


We will learn upto 10 in this part of the session insha Allaah:


1 = Waahid

2 = Ith Nain/aan (the Th sounds like when you say thousand)

3 = Thalatha

4 = Arba'a

5 = Khamsa (the Kh sound comes from the throat)



6 = Sita

7 = Saba'a

8 = Thamaniya

9 = Tis'a

10 = 'AshAra

You may be wondering why i'm teaching numbers, but numbers are even mentioned within Qur'an. I.e. the number of angels, how long the Day of Judgement will be etc.



Suffixes Continued...


Now that you've seen some of the numbers mentioned above, we will explain how to make the numbers into their (10 x multiplied counterparts) - ty's (i.e. thirty, forty etc.)



The basic rule is as mentioned in the previous lesson, the OON and the EEN's.


So;


2 = Ith Nain

20 = 'Ish rOON (this is the only exception to the rule, that it doesn't mention the 2/two.)


3 = Thalatha

30 = ThalathOON/een


4 = Arba'a

40 = Arba'OON/een


5 = khams

50 = khamsoon/een


6 = sita

60 = sitoon/een


7 = saba'a

70 = saba'oon/een


8 = Thamaniya

80 = Thamanoon/een



9 = Tisaa'a

90 = Tisoon/een


100 = Mi'a

1000 = Alf

1000,000 (Million) = Millioon



More into depth... (http://muttaqun.com/arabic/numbers.html)



Quick Quiz:


1) What is 50,000 (fifty thousand) in the arabic language?


2) What is arba'a + khamsa?


3) What is Siteen + Thamanoon?


4) What is Imaam Al-Nawawi's famous collection of hadith called?


5) What is 1400 in the arabic language?

[Mu'awiya]

we'll continue tomorrow insha Allah..

[Mu'awiya]

Suffixes Continued...


Like Woodrow has explained, there are other forms of suffixes aswell (which are at the end of the word.)


Now i will give some examples of some words, and then we will add the suffix to the end of the word to apply it to ourselves.



Here are a list of words related to family members;

Abu (which means father)

Umm = mother

Akh = brother

Ukht = sister



Now to say them words by themselves is ok, but if you want to be more specific, then you will have to add the suffixes at the end.


EE = MY

For example;


Akh = brother.

If i want to say 'My brother' - i will have to add EE at the end of it.

akhEE = MY brother.

ukhtEE = MY sister

ummEE = MY mother

AbEE = MY father.


Always remember: MY = EE




Ain/Aan


The suffixes - Ain and Aan are usually placed at the end of a word to explain that the thing being mentioned is double or the second.


For example:


ukht by itself means sister.

ukhtEE = MY sister

ukhtAIN/AAN = TWO sisters.


Akh = brother

IkhwAAN = TWO brothers or more.



or we can take the example from Surah Rahmaan:


Jannat = garden

JannatAIN/AAN = TWO gardens


Even the word:


Rajul = man


RajulAIN/AAN = two men.



The final example is of the two Harams (holy sanctuaries) [of Makkah and Medina]

A Haram by itself is just called Haram.

2 Harams are called HaramAIN/AAN.


So always Remember, if there is an AAN or AIN at the end of a word, it's probably talking in the DOUBLE.

If you look at the number two/2 in the arabic language: IthnAIN/AAN - you will understand that the AIN/AAN is derived from the number 2 to mean 'double.'



And Allaah knows best.

[Mu'awiya]

Yes & No?


Yes = Na'am

Indeed = Balaa


No = Laa

Nay/Never = Kal-laa



You will find them terms mentioned in the Qur'an alot. The words Balaa (Indeed), and Kal-laa (Nay/Never) might not be used that much in modern day arabic, but it is used alot in Qur'an and also classical arabic.

The words Na'am (Yes) and Laa (No) are still used alot in normal arabic still today.



No!

Laa (it is the word Laa = No.

Lan = used for future tense & Lam = used for Past tense.)




And Allaah knows best.

[Umm Ahmed]

Very good thread , jazakAllaahu khayran,

[hearandobey]

very good stuff mashallah. are you taking these from a particular book?

[Mu'awiya]

asalaam alaikum


i got some from here - the fundamentals of arabic book;

http://kalamullah.com/arabic.html


but then i realised that it moved on too quickly, so i stayed at the baby level and improvised from there.. but i got it checked up to confirm that it was right too, so alhamdulillah.

[Mu'awiya]

Root Words


Whenever you read words in the arabic language, you will see that it will - the majority of the time - have 3 or sometimes 4 ROOT letters per word.


These Root letters will explain what the word really means, and any extra letters will usually be prefixes or suffixes to explain the words context.

If you can figure out what these 3 letters mean, then you will understand what the word means, or what is being mentioned in the text. So this section is really important to understand inshaa Allaah.



Also, remember that these ROOT letters are consonants, not vowels:


[the vowel sounds:

fatha/zabar - a/aa sound.

dhamma/peysh - u/oo sound.

kasra/zeyr - i/ee sound.]



If you understand this, then you can move onto the next part inshaa Allaah. If not - then re-read it again please.

[Mu'awiya]

Putting it into Action:


Now that we understand this. I will give an example of 3 ROOT Letters:


Jeem

Haa

Dal


= J H D

These 3 letters by themselves spelt together would mean 'to strive' (JuHuD)



This is the pattern we would use to make the 3 ROOT Letters into a verb, or action word:


JaaHi D = JaaHiD

So someone who does the action of JHD would be 'striving' - so JaaHiD would be 'to strive'



The pattern mentioned here will be used on all the ROOT Letters we use, to make it an 'action word' or a verb.


After the:1st Root Letter, we will place besides it: aa (mad/long zabr/fatha)

2nd Root Letter, we will place the: i (zeyr/kasra)

3rd Root Letter, we will stay quiet and not add anything to it.

This rule can be applied to any other ROOT word, i.e.

JHL (JuHuL?) - these 3 letters together mean ignorance.

JaaHiL would be to put the ignorance into practise/make it a verb, so it would mean that anyone who is ignorant/doesn't know is a JaaHiL.



FSQ (FuSuQ) - these 3 Root Letters together mean someone who is a wrongdoer.

FaaSiQ would be someone who is doing wrong things, a sinner.



R Sh D - these 3 Root Letters together mean guided.

RaaShiD would be someone who is guided.



ZLM (zulm) - these 3 Root Letters together means to wrong someone.

ZaaLiM is someone who did wrong someone.

Insha Allaah you can apply that rule yourself, and i will give you a list of words to apply it to.

[Mu'awiya]

Questions:


Example) FaaSiD - these 3 Root Letters mean corruption (FaSaaD)

What is someone called if they cause corruption?

[The answer is given on this question just as a tip, check the following questions insha Allaah and apply the same rule.]



1) HKM - these 3 Root Letters means Wisdom.

What is someone called if they are wise?



2) QTL - these 3 Root Letters mean to fight.

What is the action of fighting called? [Use the examples i gave you earlier as a guideline]




3) SDQ - these 3 Root Letters mean 'truth'

What is someone called if they are truthful? [Use the examples i gave you earlier as a guideline]




4) LTF - these 3 Root Letters mean to be 'gentle'

What is someone called if they are 'gentle'? [Use the examples i gave you earlier as a guideline]




5) HSB - these 3 Root Letters mean to Judge someone and take them into account.

What is someone called if they take people into account? [Use the examples i gave you earlier as a guideline]



Insha Allaah if you can understand this part well, you are on your way to understand alot more arabic insha Allaah.

[Mu'awiya]

The Action:


These are verbs (doing words) but not directly attributed to anyone.

QTL = QiTaaL = Fighting

JHD = JiHaaD = Striving

NFQ = NiFaaQ = Hypocrisy

KTB = KiTaaB = Book/writing

HSB = HiSaaB = Accounting/Judgement


From the examples above we see that from the root letters that they stay the same, but only the vowels are changed in a minor way;


i.e.QiTaaL = the act of fighting.

muQaaTiL = One who did the fighting.


NiFaaQ = the act of hypocrisy

muNaaFiQ = One who has performed the act of hypocrisy [i.e. hypocrite]


HiSaaB = the act of accounting/judgement.

HaaSiB = one who takes into account


etc.


Can you do the same for the 3 root letters of the following:

HJB =

KZB =

JHD =



Past Tense:


JaHaDa.


Every letter has a zabar/fatha over it, which makes it the past tense.


I.e.


QaTaLa = killed

JaHaDa = strived

KaZaBa = lied


etc.

[Mu'awiya]

..a few more suffixes


Woodrow has mentioned some already, and i'm just going to mention them again insha Allaah. So you don't need to read this if you already know them.


The main word we're using now is RaB


RaB means Lord, Cherisher, Sustainer etc. Our RaB is Allaah/God, and all the good we have is a blessing and a trial from Him.


Now if i just want to say Lord by itself, it would be: - RaB.


If i wanted to say MY RaB, it would be RaBEE





Now if i wanted to say OUR Rabb, it would be RaBaNaa [Naa = OUR]

This one is usually recited in duas/supplications, especially when Imaams pray/make supplication in Jamaa'ah (congregation.)





If i wanted to say YOUR Rabb, it would be RaBuK.

[the K or letter Kaaf means you (singular)]


However, RaBuKum (with a meem [M] at the end would be plural, i.e. if you were talking to alot of people you would say RaBuKum (Your (plural - to alot of people) RaB/Lord.)






And Allaah knows best.

[Mu'awiya]

Al = The


Normally, you place "The/Al" infront of a word like you do in the english language. I.e. The morning (Al Fajr.)


But because the arabic language is a 'flowing language' - to make the sentence smoother, the Al can be changed in a small way to make the sentence and words easier to pronounce.



For example:


Al-ShaMS = Ash-ShaMS (the sun)


Al-NaJM - An-NaJM (the star)


Al-RiSaaLaH = Ar-RiSaaLaH (the letter)


Al DeeN = Ad-Deen (the religion/way of life)



So whenever it's easier to say the word without pronouncing the L (Laam) l[/B]] - then you can do that, and connect it directly with the word after it.



However, at normal times you stick to the normal pattern of Al. For example;


Al Fajr [the morning], Al Maghrib [the west], Al Qiyaam (the standing) etc.




Inshaa Allaah i will use some verses from Qur'an next lesson, so try to memorise alot of the connectives and [I]3 root letter words which we mentioned in the earlier lessons.

[Mu'awiya]

Okay, no cheating by looking at the translation - but i want you to read this and explain what you think it means:خَلَقَكُم مِّن نَّفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍKhaLaQa KuM MiN NaFSin WaHiDah...

That's part of a verse from Surah Zumar.


I've mentioned what all the other words mean apart from NaFS, which means 'soul/person.'



What do you think it means?



Answer: Created [khalaqa] you [kum - you, plural] from [min] one [wahidah] soul [nafs]

[Mu'awiya]

Suffixes... still continued.


Yeah, theres alot of suffixes but if you can understand them, then alhamdulillah it becomes alot easier.



Remember when we discussed the suffix -



K = K (you - singular.) Kum (you - plural)



Kum = You (Plural) ?

We gave some examples; i.e.


RaBuK = Your (singular) RaB [Lord]

RaBuKum = YOUR (plural) RaB [Lord]



Others include;


ALayK = upon You (singular)

ALayKum = upon YOU (plural)



Al SaLaaMu ALayKum = The Peace upon YOU (plural)






Now that you understand that a little. Here's a continuation;


H = Him/Her/Them


Instead of putting the K at the end now, we'll be placing a H or the 'Haa' at the end. The H represents him/her or 'them.'


Let's take a look at some words insha Allaah to explain that.



ALayHim = upon them


Like in Surah Al Fatiha [surah 1 of Qur'an] -


..anAAamta AAalayhim...

..those upon whom You have bestowed favor...



We see from the translation that its in plural - 'those.' for the word 'him/hum' in the arabic language.



Similarly, when we mention pious peoples names, we say -

Radhi Allaahu anHum = may Allaah be pleased with THEM (plural)



If we talk about singular, then the vowel at the end will change;

I.e.


Radhi Allaahu anHa = Allaah be pleased with HER

Radhi Allaahu anHu = Allaah be pleased with HIM

Radhi Allaahu anHuM = Allaah be pleased with THEM





Some more examples:


I.e.


QawmihEE


Qawm in the arabic language means a group of People. It's pronounced like you say 'comb' in the english language.


QawmiHEE = HIS people


Do you understand?




Alhamdulillah you're getting there.


If you understand these basic rules, then try to go back on the first page to memorise the 'connectives' - those are also important inshaa Allaah.

[Mu'awiya]

More 3 Letter Root words


I'll mention a few words which are mentioned in the Qur'an alot.


Like i mentioned in the earlier posts, if you can know the 3 root letters which make up the word - then that's sufficient to realise what the word actually means. No matter how much vowels are placed around it.

This is why arabic readers who understand the language don't need the vowels.
AaYaaT/H = proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations etc.



HKM = HuKuM = Wisdom

Someone who is wise is a? HaaKiM




3BD*/ 'ABD = It means slave/servant. 3iBaaDaH also comes from this word, so a servant/slave of Allaah does whatever Allaah orders him to do without question, knowing that Allaah is the Wise, All Knowing.

This then becomes an act of 3iBaaDaH (worship) - since any act which earns Allaah's pleasure is a form of worship.


*3 = the letter 'ayn. I'll be using this more often now to represent this letter insha Allaah.




SJD = SuJooD (prostration) - someone who does prostration is known as a SaaJiD. Remember we learnt this rule a few lessons ago?





QYM = QiYaaM [to stand upright] = TaHaJuD (the night prayer) is also called QiYaaM Al LaYL (standing the Night.)




HSN = HaSaN [Good/Beautiful.] Any word with these letters together means good etc. So even if the vowels are different, like HuSeyN, or HuSNa. It is all related to something good.




HMD = HaMD [Praised.] Someone who praises is putting that into action, therefore they would be called HaaMiD.

muHaMaD also comes from the root word Praised.

aHMaD also comes from the root word Praised.


So if you ever see them 3 root letters together, you'll know that it has some sort of link with the word 'praised.'


If you ever need any meaning for any word, all you need to do is give the 3 letters to an arabic speaker, and they will tell you what it's root meaning is insha Allaah. Which will give you a good understanding on what the sentence is trying to say.

[Mu'awiya]

Some famous connective words added to the list;



Li = For


'Aw = Or

'An = from (i.e. i heard from ['an] someone)


KaaNa = Was


Shaa' = wills (i.e. Man [what] Shaa' [wills] Allah)

Shay' = thing



You can also download this which has 80% of the Qur'ans words, its only a few pages with translation of the words' meaning.

http://www.emuslim.com/quran/English80.asp




Just a few more which are repeated in the Qur'an alot;


Ja'aL = to make


Jaa' = came

RaJaa' = return


aNZaL = sent down


RiSaaLa = Message Rasool = Messenger


ZuLM = wrongdoing


GhaYB = unseen



just click on that link above for more, insha Allah...
http://www.emuslim.com/quran/English80.asp

[Mu'awiya]

The Letter before the 3 Root Letters.



Insha Allah this lesson will give a much more clearer understanding to the Arabic which you might have read in the past, and it will benefit you a lot – so take note of this lesson.



Usually, the 3 root letters in a word have a letter before them when a phrase is being said.




I’ll give some examples to make you understand what I’m saying:



The root word I’ll (randomly) use is; F3*L (faa, ‘ayn, laam), which means ‘To Do’ something.

*The 3 represents an ‘ayn.




The root word here will always remain the same. The letter before the root word will change.


I will place a letter before the root word F3L (which means 'to do'):


AF3aL I'm Doing


TaF3aL You're Doing (m)


YaF3aL He's Doing


NaF3aL We're Doing


The underlined letters are Alif, Taa, Yaa, & Nun. These can be placed before any root word and will explain who did that action (the action is the root word.) – Who did the action is the letter before it





Another example is KhaRaJa, which means to leave or separate.



AKhRuJ would mean, I'm separating or leaving.


TaKhRuJ would mean, You're separating or leaving.


YaKhRuJ would mean, He's separating or leaving.


NaKhRuJ would mean, We're separating or leaving.




Whenever the letter is put before the 3 root letters, you will know who is doing that action (in blue.)

If you do not know a lot action or verb (blue) words, then it is good to learn a lot so that you don’t get mixed up between the (red) prefix letters and the 3 root letters of the word. This will help you understand the Arabic language a lot more insha Allah.





Practise yourself:


Try it out yourself with these words, and figure out who is doing the action – I, You, he/they, or we? ;

YaKhLuQ would mean, ??? (Pick one: [I]I, you, he, we?) [KhaLaQa = To create]



AS'aL would mean ??? (Pick one: I, you, he, we?). [Sa'aLa = to ask]



YaDKhuL would mean ??? (Pick one: I, you, he, we?) DaKhaLa = to enter, for example to enter a building.]



NuReeD would mean ??? (Pick one: I, you, he, we?). [ARaaDa = to desire or to want, for example to desire the reward of the next life.]

If you don’t’ understand any of what I said, or need more explanation – please do ask insha Allah.




And Allah knows best.

[Mu'awiya]

continued...


There are more letters which are prefixes like the above, they are placed before the 3 root letters.


I.e.

W (the letter waw) - this is used to make something. Don't confuse this with the W that is used as the word 'and' - since this W is a prefix before the 3 root letters.

Or a 'W' can be part of the 3 root letters, so don't confuse it with that either. The only way to remove any confusion would be to learn alot of 3 root words so you can differentiate between whether it is a prefix or part of the word.





Let me explain using examples;


Ahad = One, the number 1.

To make something 1 = Wahada. For example if there is a group of people, and you want to unite them - you call them together, and Wahada - make them 1.Ummatun Waahidah! (the One/united Ummah [nation]!)

That showed how we made the people 1 and united, by placing the W before the ahad.






We'll try placing the W before another word, let's say the word 'Iddah (ayn, daal and haa.)


'Iddah mean's a time period. I.e. the 'iddah for a muslim woman after her husband has died is 4months and 10days - in which she doesn't get married. (Qur'an 2:234)



So now, when someone wants to make a time period happen, (for example i said "I want to meet you at this time tomorrow") - i would place the letter W before the word 'Iddah, and it would become Wa'Ddah.


Wa'DdaH mean's Promise, because you've said that you would meet at a certain time (time period = 'iddah.) So you 'made a time.'




I hope you understand what i mean now..




Another example is the word;


ThiQa (the Th = (the thousand 'ss'sound.) This mean's 'trustworthy.' [its used alot in the science of hadith] Place a W before it, what does it make? _______

It's meaning would be 'a trustworthy' something, i.e. a trustworthy (waathiq)covenant.

[Mu'awiya]

Random Lessons



Maa = What


I.e. Maa iSsMuk = what is your name?

But sometimes, in arabic - Maa can also mean 'I am not', or 'I don't'.




For example, the Prophet (sal Allaahu alaihi wasalam) said to Jibreel on the first revelation;


Maa Ana Bi Qaari' - I am not a reader*

*qaari' also means recitor




I don't know what relationship both "Maa's" have to make them be used differently in different situations, but that's just a fact you have to know.


The way you'll figure out which meaning is applied is that you'll have to see the context of the sentence. If in that sentence, the word 'what' [maa] does not make sense, then it's probably got the meaning of 'not', and vice versa.


I.e. maa darastu lughatul arabiyah

did not, learn, language (of) the arabs.


the word ma ['what'] cannot apply in that sentence because it would then say 'what learn language of the arabs' - which doesn't make sense.






Ma!


The Ma, [meem with a fatha or zabar on top of it] is a reflection of the 3 root letters that come after it. Its a place or people which do the actions of the root word.

Let me explain; You can't get married to certain people in Islam, such as blood brothers/sisters, or parents etc. They are HaRaM for you right?
maHaRaM = someone you can't get married to.

Ever heard that word before? I think you have.



Or how about a place where people do alot of SaJDah, sujood? Point at that place where people do SaJDah 5 times a day.


then add a Ma infront of it;maSJiD (place of sajdah)


Or a place where people have books? maKTaB (place of books) (KiTaaB or KuTuB = books. maKTooB [plural])


So Ma is a thing which reflects the meaning of the 3 root letters.





Try the following with the words (put a ma infront of it);__JLiS = gathering [JaLoos = plural]

__JaMi' = grouped [maJmoo' = plural]

__'aaSs = rebellion

__Saa'iL = questions/asking [comes from the word SaL = to ask]








Mu

Whereas if you were the 3 root letters, then there would be a damma/peysh to make it Mu. I.e. muHaMaD - the praised one. Or muHaRaM - that place or month is holy.




So Ma is a thing which reflects the meaning of the 3 root letters. i.e. a masjid, majlis, mahram etc.

Whereas Mu is something that is the 3 root letters. i.e. muShRiK (associator), muHSiN (perfector/extremely good), Muhammad etc.


And Allah knows best.

[Mu'awiya]

Now that we know the above, S (the letter seen) is also a prefix. It's meaning is generally in a future tense.

So for example;


Sa yaQooL (they will say)


We see that the Sa (seen with a fatha/zabar on top) is relating to a future tense, so if you see the 'seen' as a prefix, then you will come to realise that it is talking about something which is likely to happen in the future.

[Mu'awiya]

Plural 'oons' & eens'


Now just before finishing off, this last sentence will ease a little bit of confusion on separating the plural from the singular insha Allah.


If you hear the oo(n), or een sound at the end of a word, you know it means more than one.

Like we already know; Mu'minoon, Mu'mineen etc.



In the Qur'an, there is a verse;


Hat-taaYu'minoo

Hat-taa = until



Yu'min (the Y can either be; he or they.

At the end of the word Yu'min, is the oo sound. Which mean's its more than one person, its plural.


Some more examples of this include; Jaahadoo (those who strive), HaaJaroo (those who emigrate), Aamanoo (those who believe.) Without the green [oo], they would have been singular.





Other ways of Plural


Baab = gate. Lots of gates or 'baabs' would have a 'w' placed in between to make it aBwaaB.

The father is the gate of the house, and that's why he is also known as the BaaBa [father.]

Zaad = increase. Lots of increases = ZiYaaD



So there could either be a Y (yaa)or W (waw) in between many words [especially if at the beginning they only had 2 letters], to show that there are lots.

I.e. HuB (only 2 letters) = to love. aHBaaB = loved ones' [which made it end up with 3 letters.]



I don't know about the details of these rules, but just try to remember them. You'll see these kind of patterns alot in the Qur'an, and if you can grasp them - then that's really good for understanding insha Allah!

[Mu'awiya]

Asalaam alaikum



A few more words, i.e. connectives and other words etc. which might be repeated in the Qur'an alot;

KuLLi/u/a - Every


NaZR - see (it also means warn i.e. a person has seen a threat so they warn people of it.)


KaBL = past




Iyya [alone] iyyaK - [You alone]



NaSR = support (aNSaaR = supporters/helpers)



MaKaaN = place (i.e. fee kulli makaan - in every place)



MaSaL = example


Du'aa = call





HaaZaa = this is

za = is


Alazee = those

ZaaLiK = that is


li ma za? - for what is that? (or simply the word; Why?)



min fadliK [from You favour - or please]


BaYN = between



LaWw = turn / whether


KaD = had/has/have (depending on the context)



TaBa'a = obedient (TaBi'een, i.e. the students of the companions of the Prophet are known as this because they obeyed the Prophet (sal Allahu alaihi wasalam)'s companions.)


GhaaLiB - overpower

[Mu'awiya]

Li = For


'Aw = Or

'An = from (i.e. i heard from ['an] someone)


KaaNa = Was


Shaa' = wills (i.e. Man [what] Shaa' [wills] Allah)

Shay' = thing



You can also download this which has 80% of the Qur'ans words, its only a few pages with translation of the words' meaning.

http://www.emuslim.com/quran/English80.asp




Just a few more which are repeated in the Qur'an alot;


Ja'aL = to make


Jaa' = came

RaJaa' = return


aNZaL = sent down


RiSaaLa = Message Rasool = Messenger


ZuLM = wrongdoing


GhaYB = unseen


Ba'D = after


just click on that link above for more, insha Allah...
http://www.emuslim.com/quran/English80.asp




Next we'll have a test on how much you know of arabic, insha Allah it's alot (atleast enough to understand the Qur'an at a basic level) - so long as you continue learning new words.

[Mu'awiya]

asalam alaikum

The Test!


Here's some sentences which you need to translate insha Allah, you will be marked (if you're unsured of any word - you can ask insha Allah but try to do as much as you can translate);


إِن تَكْفُرُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ عَنكُمْ 1

2 ذَلِكَ الْكِتَابُ

3 وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَن يَقُولُ آمَنَّا بِاللّهِ وَبِالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ وَمَا هُم بِمُؤْمِنِين


4

إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ غَيْبَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْض ِ وَاللَّهُ بَصِيرٌ بِمَا
تَعْمَلُونَ

وَاذْكُرُواْ نِعْمَةَ اللّهِ 5

[Mu'awiya]

asalaam alaikum warahmatulahi wabarakatuh



Another example of a prefix, is the 'K' which as a prefix means 'like'.

i.e. wa taKooNul-JiBaaL K[like] al [the] 'ihn [flakes of wool]

And the mountains will be like flakes of wool, [Quran 70:9]


Ka maa yakool [like what he said…]
<o:p> </o:p>
Ka zaalik [like that]
<o:p> </o:p>


So the K as a prefix always means 'like' something.


Laysa [none] Ka [like] Mithlihee [similar to Him] shay' [anything]

there is none like Him, and He is the Hearer, Seer (wa huwa samee' ul baseer.) [Quran 42:11]





'Ee' in the Middle


In Arabic, when something has a deeper emphasis, it might have that ‘ee’ [the letter yaa] sound in between.
<o:p> </o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
For example if someone has knowledge, they are called an ‘Aalim. However, Allah has FULL knowledge; therefore He is Al ‘Aleem [the Knowing].
<o:p> </o:p>
Raheem is the name of Allah, who has a FULL mercy.
<o:p> </o:p>
Kareem, Rab Al Kareem (you should know what this means.)
<o:p> </o:p>
Haleem – the forebearing (He is Perfect in being patient.)
<o:p> </o:p>
Etc.
<o:p> </o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
Most of these descriptions of ‘ee’ are given to Allah because they are a FULL and a Perfect attribute. So these names perfectly match Allah.

[Mu'awiya]

<o:p> </o:p>
The T [taa] in between<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
Another pattern which is well known is this: When a person does a certain action, a T [taa] is added at the 2^nd letter of the main root word.
<o:p> </o:p>
i.e.
<o:p> </o:p>
The word huda means guidance. Now for someone to be ‘guided’ – it will be called;
<o:p> </o:p>
muhTad<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
Another example is innovator [mubTadi’], which comes from the word bid’a [innovation].
<o:p> </o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
musTansir - as we can see, this has an extra letter in it, so its abit harder to figure out what the 3 root letter word is. It’s most likely to be the NSR [NaSR = help/aid]. The ‘s’ before the T is likely to be referring to the future tense [remember that the S as a prefix means future tense]. The T refers to it being a personification. (and the mu is a prefix, since its being related to someone/thing.)
<o:p> </o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
Try to find the 3 root letters in these names; (highlight the text in grey to see the answer):
<o:p> </o:p>
mu’Tasim [the root word is ‘as*im (the s is a saad). ‘asim means protector.) mu’tasim meaning guard.<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
muqTadir [the root word is qadir – meaning one who has control]<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
mustarshid [the root word is Rashid – one who is guided] (there is a S there after the ‘mu’ – most likely representing the future tense. i.e. one who will guide.]<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
musta’sim [this one is exactly like mu’tasim, but likely to refer to the future tense since it has a ‘s’ after the ‘mu’.]
<o:p> </o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
Just incase you wanted to know, these are the names of some of Banu Abbaas’s khulafah.

[Madarijas-Salikeen]

as salaamu alaykum

please akhi keep up this good work jazakallah khayr i believe im beginning to benefit already.