Divine Will

[abudurrah]

What is the stance of Ahlusunnah on qadaa wal qadar
(i mean between the qadariyyas and the jabarriyyas)

please whover answers be as concise as possible
i have read many books on it but its not concise so that i can aswer it straight away

[Abuz Zubair]

Ahl al-Sunnah establish the qudra for man, unlike the jabariyya; yet they believe that all of his actions are regulated by Allah's will, unlike the qadariyya.

This is a huge topic, and is said to be more difficult than tasalsul and hawadith la awwala laha, etc. We will cover it in al-Tahawiyya, inshaaAllah

[abudurrah]

some good points mentioned here
The topic of Qadr is from pillars of Iman and whosoever denies the Qadr is an apostate (Kafir).

Umar ibn Khattab (RA) reported that Jibrail asked Muhammad (SAW), "what is Iman?" the Messenger of Allah replied, "It is to believe in Allah, The Angels, The Books, The Messengers, The Final Day, The (divine) Destiny/Predestination, the good of it and bad of it..."

The Qadr is all that will come to pass and written in the Divine Tablets ("al-Lawhu 'l-Mahfuz"), Everything that has happened, is happening and is going to happen has been recorded.

However a person's action is not caused by what is written in the Preserved Tablet, rather, the action is written in the Preserved Tablet because Allah knows what the person's nature will cause them to do.

It is part of the Aqeedah of every Muslim that Allah (SWT) is All-Knowing, His Knowledge neither Increases (because He already Knows all, hence does not need to be updated) nor does it Decrease (he does not forget).

The Qadr is manifested in two key areas:

1) All that in which is beyonds man's control i.e. Birth, Death, Wealth, Provision, Solar system etc...

2) That which is within man capacity to do or not do i.e. worship Allah, Shirk, Pray, Run, Speak etc...

However whichever choice man makes is within the Knowledge of Allah and has is from his creation.

Allah (SWT) said, "And shown him the two ways (good and evil)" 90:10

NB: The two ways (from which man chooses) are from that which Allah has made.

There was once and incident when Umar ibn Khattab (RA) did not enter a province because it was plagued, a man said to him "are you leaving the Decree of Allah", Umar replied "I am leaving one decree for another"

The statement of Umar (RA) proves that whatever choice you make it is still the decree of Allah.

However many from the deviants believe that mans actions are completely free from the control of Allah, this is belief is wrong both textually and rationally, the great Imam Abu Hanifah once said,

"If the servant is created, then for greater reason his actions are also created".

The official stance of Ahl Sunnah is that:

They believe in the divine predestination, and all actions are created by Allah, and man is accountable for every deed he does, and Allah knows which Deed man will do.

Therefore:

-The belief Qadr is known.
-To believe in it is obligatory.
-The Kayfiyah (how it happens) is unknown (except to Allah).
-To delve in it innovation.

Once a man asked Imam Abu Hanifah about, Qadr, he (RH) to the man to leave the topic, but upon insistence he said, "It is like the sun, the more you look into the more confused you will get"

Therefore know, that everything is created (besides Allah [for he is Al-Khaliq and not Makhlooq]) the out come of each thing is known to Allah and decided by Him. He has given man relative amount of free will in certain areas (but even that is within His control, and He Knows already mans choice), and it is this area of free-will man will be accounted on the Day of Accountability.