Abualqamah
25th February 2007, 02:15 AM
Salam aleykum
Dr Shaykh 'Alawi Saqqaf has written a risalah entitled "Tawassut wal Iqtisad fi Ana Kufra yakunu bil Qawl awil Fi'l Awil I'tiqad.
And this risalah was introduced by shaykh Ibn Baz who send its publication is beneficial for Mouslims.
Dr Saqqaf quoted many sayings from Salaf and Ahlus Sunnah.
Dr Saqqaf said he also quoted from Ash'ari and Maturidi as although they have some irja, yet they say some words that are true.
Here are some quotes from this great book
Abu Thawr saying : " And if he says : The Masih is Allah and rejects a matter of Islam and says : " My heart does not believe from anything of that ( I said)" then he is Kafir with manifestation of that and he is not Moumin" ( Shar Usul Al I'tiqad of Lalika'i vol 4 849 Dar Taybah)
Ishaq ibn Rahawayah said : " Among those upon which they have agreed for their takfeer and they judged on him as they judged on the rejector ( Jahid) is the believer that believes in Alla Ta'ala and in what came from Him, then he kills a Prophet or helps in his killing and even if he affirms ( Kana Muqirran) and says : killing prophets is haram, then he is Kafir, and the same for the one who insults a Prophet or refute on him his saying without Taqiyah and fear ( meaning Ikrah)" ( Ta'thim Qadr As Salah)
Imam Ishaq also said : " Mouslim agree that the one who insults Allah or insults the Prophet (saw) or removes ( dafa'a) something that Allah 'Aza wa Jalla has revealed or kills a Prophet among Prophets of Allah, then he is Kafir even if he affirming ( wa in kana Muqirran) in all Allah has sent" ( Sarim Al Maslool of ibn Taymiyah)
Nawawi said : " Things breaking Islam and it comes sometimes with saying that is Kufr and sometimes with actions, and actions making kufr wajib are those who come with intended clear mockery of religion as prosternation to idols of sun, or throwing Mushaf in filthy places and magic that includes worship of sun or similar to that. The Imam said : In some notes of my Shaykh ( it is said) that action by itself ( bi Mujarradihi) is not Kufr and he said : This is a great mistake from the Mu'aliq and I mention them to warn from his mistakes and apostasy comes from saying that is Kufr, wether it happened with belief or 'Inad or mockery" ( Rawadtu Talibin)
Ibnul Humam said : " The one who mocks with words of Kufr becomes an apostate even if he does not believe because of Istikhfaf, and it is as Kufr of 'Inad, and words with which ine becomes Kafir are known in Fatawa" ( Fathul Qadeer)
ibn Nujaym Al Hanafi said in Bahr ur Raiq : " And the conclusion is that one who speaks with words of Kufr by mockery or playing becomes kafir for all and their is no consideration to his belief as it is affirmed by Qadhi Khan in his Fatawa and the one who speaks by mistake or under ikrah then he is not kafir for all, and the one who speaks knowing and on purpose is declared kafir by all"
Ibn Hazm Az Zahiri said :
“ As for their saying ( Murjiyah) that insult of Allah Ta’ala is not kufr and then same for insult of the Messenger of Allah (saw) then it is a da’wa because Allah Ta’ala said : “ They swear by Allah they did not say and they have indeed said words of Kufr and have done kufr after their Islam” ( Tawbah 74)
So Allah Ta’la said with Nass ( clear text) that there are among words are some that are Kufr…
And He said : “ Say : Of Allah and His signs and His Messenger were you making fun ? Do not find excuses you have indeed committed Kufr after your Iman…” ( Tawbah 65-66)
So He Ta’ala declared with Nass that making fun of Allah Ta’ala or His Ayats or a Messenger from His Messengers is kufr expelling from Iman and He Ta’ala did not say about that : “ I know that there is in their heart Kufr” rather He declared them Kufar by the mockery itself and the one who says other than that has attributed to Allah what He did not say and has lied on Allah Ta’la” ( Fasl fi Milal)
Ibn Hazm answered Murjiyah claim about the Ayat “ Except the one whose chest is open to Kufr” ( Nahl 106) and their trying to reduce Kufr to belief
“ And the saying of Allah “ Except the one whose chest is open to Kufr” is not on what they thought about belief of Kufr only, but every one who speaks words that are ruled by Ahlul Islam with Hukm of Kufr without being a reader ( of these words like one reads in Quran sayings of jews and Christians) or being witness nor quoting them nor forced ( to say them) then his chest has open to Kufr, meaning he opened his chest for accepting the Kufr forbidden to say on Ahlul Islam and Ahlul Kufr and it is the same if they believe in it or do not believe in it, because this actions is from declaration of Kufr without the permissible forms in his intention ( reading, quoting, being forced to, being witness) and it is opening of his heart for that ( saying), so their justification with this Ayat ha sbecome Batil and Tawfeeq is from Allah Ta’ala” ( fasl fi Milal)
So one can see that Ibn Hazm although he was a Jahmi in Asma wa Sifat, yet he matters of Iman and Kufr was on creed of Ahlus Sunnah...and his rejection of Murjiyah has been praised by Shaykhul Islam
Bazdawi Al Hanafi said : “ Making fun with apostasy is Kufr not because of what he made fun but because of making fun by itself…and making fun with words of Kufr is istikhfaf of religion of Truth so he becomes apostate with itself…”
Ibnul ‘Arabi Al Maliki said about Ayat of mocking Ayat of Allah : “ And it is not free that they said this out of seriousness or by joke, and however of both it is kufr because joke with Kufr is Kufr, and there is no khilaf in it between the Ummah”
And Qurtubee mentioned ibnul ‘Arabi’s saying approving it.
Fakhrudeen Ar Razi said in tafseer of same Ayat : “ Mockery of religion in whatever form is Kufr in Allah…secondly it shows falsehood of the one who says that Kufr does not come except with actions of heart”
So Razi although being philosopher of Ashairah said that Kufr can come without actions of hearts, so just with actions of limbs…
Ibn Qudamah said : “ The one who insults Allah Ta’ala becomes a Kafir wether he was joking or was serious and the same for the one mocking Allah Ta’ala or with His Ayats or his Messengers or His books” ( Al Mughni)\
Taftazani said : “ The one joking with apostasy becomes apostate with joke by itself and not with what he made fun of because of what is in it of Istikhfaf of religion…and there is answer in it on what is said that apostasy comes only with change of creed, and joking negates it because lack of acceptation of Hukm” ( Sharh Talweeh)
So Taftazani who is known as philosopher of Maturidiyah also said that Kufr can come without change of creed with actions negating faith...
So we can see philosopher of Ashari and Maturidi, Razi and Taftazani both saying that kufr does not necessary comes from creed...
And nowadays some people say that insulting Allah is not Kufr by itself but action of heart and belief makes him Kafir
And Allah's help is sought
Zarkashi Ash-Shafi’i said : “ The one who spoke with words of Kufr joking and he did not intend Kufr, becomes kafir” ( Al Manthoor fi qawaid fiqhiyah)
Suyuti said : “ Apostasy is breaking Islam with intention ( niyah) or saying of Kufr or action whether he said that joking or with ‘inad or with I’tiqad” ( Jawahirul ‘Uqood)
San’ani said : “ Fuqahah have affirmed in books of Fiqh in chapter of apostasy that the one who speaks with words of Kufr becomes Kafir even if he did not mean its meaning (without belief in words of Kufr they said)” ( Tathirul I’tiqad)
Shawkani said : “ And these leaders come with a lot of words of Kufr and they say they are Jews they would do this and they would do that and (they become) apostate sometimes with saying and sometimes with actions and they perceive it not” ( Dawa ul ‘Ajil)
Ibn Abideen said in Radul Muhtar : “ Chapter apostate : His saying ( one who jokes with words of Kufr) meaning he spoke with them with his choice without intending its meaning ( without belief of what he was joking)…same as prostrating to idol or throwing Mushaf in filthy places then he becomes Kafir even if he is Musadiq ( has tasdeeq of heart in Islam”
Ibn Taymiyah said : “ These people who affirming the saying of Jahm and Salihi, they have affirmed that insulting Allah and His Messenger and talking with trinity and all words from words of Kufr, it is not Kufr in Batin but it is a daleel in Zahir on the Kufr and it is possible that this man insulting swearing is in Batin cognizant of Allah and Muwahid believer in it, and when prove is established on them with Nass or Ijma’ that this one is Kafir in Batin and Zahir, they say : This leads that this ( insult) necessitate At-Takzeeb Al-Batin and Iman necessicate absence of this ( insult). It is said to them : with us are two known matters
First of them : Known with necessity of deen
Second : Known with necessity in our selves after reflection
As for the first, we know that the one who insults Allah or His Messenger Taw’an (freely) without compulsion, rather spoke with words of Kufr Ta’ian (freely) without anyone forcing him, and the one who mocks of Allah and His Ayats and His Messenger then he is Kafir in Batin and Zahir.
And the one who says that similar to this in Batin can be believer in Allah and he is only Kafir in Zahir, then he has said a saying known with Fasad by necessity from religion.
Allah has indeed mentioned words of Kufar in Quran and ruled them with their Kufr and their deserving punishment with that, and if their sayings of Kufr were in level of witness of Shuhood on them or level of Iqrar in which the one doing Iqrar can be mistaken, Allah did not make then from people of Wa’id ( promised with punishment) with Shahadah that can be truthful or can be a lie, and it was appropriate (elseway) that He did not punish them except with condition of truthfulness of Shahadah, and this is like His Saying Ta’ala “ Have committed Kufr those who said Allah is third of three” “ Have indeen committed Kufr those who said that Allah os Masih ibn Maryam”
( Ibn Taymiyah is saying that Allah ruled Kufar that say words of Kufr to be Kufar because of their saying, and he did not add condition that they should have sidq ( truthfulness) in what they say, so just by saying these words with purpose one becomes Kafir, else Allah would say those who believe Allah is third or son of Maryam are Kufar, those who lie in saying that are not Kufar)
As for second : If the heart is believer in Sidq ( truthfulness) of the Messenger, and that he is Messenger, and is lover of the Messenger of Allah respecting him, this would prevent him from cursing him or insulting him, this cannot be conceived from him except with some kinds of Istikhfaf of him or of his Honour, and it is known from this that only belief only that he is truthful is not Iman except with his love and Ta’theem in heart” ( Majmoo’ 7/557-558)
Ibn Taymiyah also said :
“ His Saying : “ Anyone who, after accepting Faith in Allah, utters Unbelief, - except under compulsion, his heart remaining firm in Faith - but such as open their breast to Unbelief, on them is Wrath from Allah, and theirs will be a dreadful Penalty. This because they love the life of this world better than the Hereafter: and Allah will not guide disbeliever people. Those are they whose hearts, ears, and eyes Allah has sealed up, and they take no heed. Without doubt, in the Hereafter they will perish.” (Nahl 106-109)
He Ta’ala mentioned that they deserved Wa’eed ( promise of punishment) because of that ( preference of duniya over Akhirah). And it is known that chapter of Tasdiq and Takzeeb and knowledge and ignorance is not the chapter of love and hate, and these people ( murjiyah) say that they only deserved wa’eed because of Zawal (disappearance) of Tasdeeq and Iman in their hearts, and if it is so then its causis can be love of duniya on Akhirah and Allah Subhanahu wa Ta’ala has made preference of duniya over Akhirah the basis making loss wajib. And preference of Duniya on Akhirah can be with knowledge and Tasdeeq that Kufr will harm in hereafter and that they will not have any share in the hereafter.
And Also because He glory to Him made exception of the compelled from the Kufar, and if Kufr was only with Takzeeb of heart or its ignorance then the one compelled would not be given exception from that, because compulsion on this is impossible, so it is known that speaking with Kufr is Kufr except in case of Ikrah ( compulsion).
And His saying : “but such as open their breast to Unbelief” meaning preference of Duniya over Akhirah, and from this is the saying of the Prophet (saw) : “ The man will be believer in the morning and Kafir in the night, and he will be believer in the night and become Kafir in the morning, he sells his religion from exchange of Duniya” ( Muslim), so the one who speaks without Ikrah, he does not speak except his chest is open for that.” ( Majmoo’ 7/561-599)
So ibn Taymiyah answered Murjiyah who do istidlal with Ayah “but such as open their breast to Unbelief” that Kufr only comes with belief. And Ibn Taymiyah clarified that one who said words of Kufr without compulsion then he has commited nnothing else but Kufr...there is no other excuse for saying words of kufr...
One cannot say words of Kufr for joking or for playing in movie or for money...
And Ibn Taymiyah said : “ And if it is said “Allah said : “but such as open their breast to Unbelief” it is said : this is in accordance with its beginning because the one who does Kufr without Ikrah then he has opened his chest for Kufr, otherwise the beginning of the Ayah will oppose its end, and if the meaning of the one who committed Kufr is the one who opens his chest, this can be without ikrah, He would not have made exception of compelled only, but it was wajib to make exception of the compelled and the non compelled when his heart is not opened ( to Kufr), and when he talked words of Kufr freely he has then opened his chest for that and it is Kufr. And this is shown by His saying Ta’ala :
“The Hypocrites are afraid that a Sura should be sent down about them, showing them what is (really passing) in their hearts. Say: "Mock ye! but verily Allah will bring to light all that ye fear (should be revealed)."
If you ask them, they declare "We were only talking idly and in play." Say: "Was it at Allah, and His Signs, and His Messenger, that you were mocking?"
Make no excuses: ye have committed Kufr after your Iman. If We pardon some of you, We will punish others amongst you, for that they are in sin.”
So He has informed that they are committed Kufr after their Iman with their Saying : We have spoken with Kufr without belief in it, but we were joking and playing. And He made clear that mockery of Ayats of Allah is Kufr, and this cannot be except for someone who opened his heart for these words, and if there was Iman in their Heart, it would have forbidden them from these words.” ( Majmoo’ 7/220)
So Ibn Taymiyah made it clear that if Kufr only came for the one who opens his chest to Kufr, meaning only by creed, then Allah would say that the one who utters words of kufr except compelled and those not intending meaning and not saying words of Kufr with belief...
But Allah made only exception of the compelled not for the one saying words of Kufr without belief in heart for fun or money...
So saying words of Kufr without ikrah is opening his chest for disbelief...
Ibn Taymiyah said in his famous “Sarim Al Maslool” : “ The one who says with his tongue words of Kufr without any need on purpose knowing that they are words of Kufr, then he commits kufr with that in Zahir and Batin, and because it is not permissible to say : In Batin it is possible he is believer, and the one who says that has maraqa minal Islam.
Allah glory to him said : “Anyone who, after accepting Faith in Allah, utters Unbelief, - except under compulsion, his heart remaining firm in Faith - but such as open their chest to Unbelief, on them is Wrath from Allah, and theirs will be a dreadful Punishment”
And it is known that it is not meant by Kufr here belief of heart only ( I’tiqadul Qalb faqat), because the man is not compelled on that, and the one compelled was exempted, and it was not meant the one who says and believes (altogether) ( Qala wa’taqada), because the one exempted is the compelled and he is not compelled on belief and saying ( altogether) , one is only compelled on saying only.
It is known that the one intended (here) is the one who speaks with words of Kufr and there is wrath of Allah on him and a dreadful punishment and he is Kafir with that except the one compelled and his heart is still on faith, but the one whose chest open for kufr among compelled, they are kafir as well, so the one who speaks with Kufr becomes kafir except the one compelled and he says on his tongue words of Kufr and his heart remains firm on Iman. And Allah said about the people mocking : “Do not find excuses you have committed kufr after your Iman”
Comment : I think Ibn Taymiyah's istidlal comes clear, the Ayah does not mean one who utters Kufr and belives in words of Kufr at same time that he says, rather the Ayah means the one who only say that, because compulsion can only be on saying.
So Murjiyah who say that saying words of Kufr is only when one has creed associated to that, and it is impossible to undertand this meaning because compulsion is for action alone, so the same the Kufr meant is of action and not conditionned with belief of heart.
And Ibn Taymiyah said also in Sarim Al Maslool : “ The one who insults Allah or insults His Messenger has become kafir in Zahir and Batin, and it is the same whether he believed that it is Haram or he was considering that Halal for him or was neglectful of his creed ( kana Zahilan ‘an I’tiqadihi), this is the Madhab of Fuqahah and Ahlus Sunnah saying that Iman is saying and action…so it is transmitted from Shafii that he was asked about making fun of something from Ayat of Allah Ta’ala and he said : he is Kafir and he took daleel from Allah’s saying Ta’ala : “ Say: "Was it at Allah, and His Signs, and His Messenger, that you were mocking?" Make no excuses: ye have committed Kufr after your Iman”
And the same our companions and others said : the one who insults Allah becomes Kafir and it is the same whether he was joking or was serious because of this Ayat and it is the truth with certainty…
And it is wajib to know that the saying that Kufr of the one insulting in fact is because of his considering Halal for him to insult is a big rejected mistake and a serious error…and this for many reasons…
fourth reason : because if the Mukafir ( one making takfeer) is the creed of being Halal, then there is nothing in insult showing that the one insulting believes ( that to be) Halal, so he should not be declared Kafir and specially when he says : I believe that it is Haram, I only say that out of ghayz and stupidity or joking and playing, as the hypocrites said : “ We were joking and playing” as the one says : I have done Qazf of him or lied on him playing and joking, and if it is said they (insulting or mocking) are not kufar them it is against Nass of Quran, and if it is said they are Kufar then it is Takfeer without the thing making it wajib as he did not make insulting by Itself Mukafir ( Lam Yaj’al nafsa Sabbi Mukafiran)…
Comment : So ibn Taymiyah blamed those who said that insulting Allah is Kufr because one doing that make Istihlal, then ibn Taymiyah blamed them for not making the insult by Itself Mukafir...as insult can be without this associates creed...
The same it can be without belief of heart, it can be for wordly gain for playing in a movie or making Kufar happy of him...
So the words of Ibn Taymiyah are clear enough that thing making one Kafir is the insult by Itself...not creed associated to that...and only excuse for sayings words of Kufr is ikrah...and he told that Murjiyah say that one insulting can be believer inside and only one who opens his chest to Kufr becomes Kafir...
I think it is sufficient for this topic, and scholars of Najd just said what ibn Taymiyah said. Muhammad ibn Abdil Wahab aftert mentionning Nawaqid said there is no difference wether one does them seriously or joking...and these Nawaqid includes Magic, mocking religion...
And scholars of najd Sulayman ibn Abdillah, Abder Rahman ibn Hassan, Hamd ibn 'Ateeq, Aba Bateen, ibn Baz, the Lajnah all said the same about insulting Allah or mocking religion...it is kufr wether one was joking and not believeing in that.
May Allah guide us all
Dr Shaykh 'Alawi Saqqaf has written a risalah entitled "Tawassut wal Iqtisad fi Ana Kufra yakunu bil Qawl awil Fi'l Awil I'tiqad.
And this risalah was introduced by shaykh Ibn Baz who send its publication is beneficial for Mouslims.
Dr Saqqaf quoted many sayings from Salaf and Ahlus Sunnah.
Dr Saqqaf said he also quoted from Ash'ari and Maturidi as although they have some irja, yet they say some words that are true.
Here are some quotes from this great book
Abu Thawr saying : " And if he says : The Masih is Allah and rejects a matter of Islam and says : " My heart does not believe from anything of that ( I said)" then he is Kafir with manifestation of that and he is not Moumin" ( Shar Usul Al I'tiqad of Lalika'i vol 4 849 Dar Taybah)
Ishaq ibn Rahawayah said : " Among those upon which they have agreed for their takfeer and they judged on him as they judged on the rejector ( Jahid) is the believer that believes in Alla Ta'ala and in what came from Him, then he kills a Prophet or helps in his killing and even if he affirms ( Kana Muqirran) and says : killing prophets is haram, then he is Kafir, and the same for the one who insults a Prophet or refute on him his saying without Taqiyah and fear ( meaning Ikrah)" ( Ta'thim Qadr As Salah)
Imam Ishaq also said : " Mouslim agree that the one who insults Allah or insults the Prophet (saw) or removes ( dafa'a) something that Allah 'Aza wa Jalla has revealed or kills a Prophet among Prophets of Allah, then he is Kafir even if he affirming ( wa in kana Muqirran) in all Allah has sent" ( Sarim Al Maslool of ibn Taymiyah)
Nawawi said : " Things breaking Islam and it comes sometimes with saying that is Kufr and sometimes with actions, and actions making kufr wajib are those who come with intended clear mockery of religion as prosternation to idols of sun, or throwing Mushaf in filthy places and magic that includes worship of sun or similar to that. The Imam said : In some notes of my Shaykh ( it is said) that action by itself ( bi Mujarradihi) is not Kufr and he said : This is a great mistake from the Mu'aliq and I mention them to warn from his mistakes and apostasy comes from saying that is Kufr, wether it happened with belief or 'Inad or mockery" ( Rawadtu Talibin)
Ibnul Humam said : " The one who mocks with words of Kufr becomes an apostate even if he does not believe because of Istikhfaf, and it is as Kufr of 'Inad, and words with which ine becomes Kafir are known in Fatawa" ( Fathul Qadeer)
ibn Nujaym Al Hanafi said in Bahr ur Raiq : " And the conclusion is that one who speaks with words of Kufr by mockery or playing becomes kafir for all and their is no consideration to his belief as it is affirmed by Qadhi Khan in his Fatawa and the one who speaks by mistake or under ikrah then he is not kafir for all, and the one who speaks knowing and on purpose is declared kafir by all"
Ibn Hazm Az Zahiri said :
“ As for their saying ( Murjiyah) that insult of Allah Ta’ala is not kufr and then same for insult of the Messenger of Allah (saw) then it is a da’wa because Allah Ta’ala said : “ They swear by Allah they did not say and they have indeed said words of Kufr and have done kufr after their Islam” ( Tawbah 74)
So Allah Ta’la said with Nass ( clear text) that there are among words are some that are Kufr…
And He said : “ Say : Of Allah and His signs and His Messenger were you making fun ? Do not find excuses you have indeed committed Kufr after your Iman…” ( Tawbah 65-66)
So He Ta’ala declared with Nass that making fun of Allah Ta’ala or His Ayats or a Messenger from His Messengers is kufr expelling from Iman and He Ta’ala did not say about that : “ I know that there is in their heart Kufr” rather He declared them Kufar by the mockery itself and the one who says other than that has attributed to Allah what He did not say and has lied on Allah Ta’la” ( Fasl fi Milal)
Ibn Hazm answered Murjiyah claim about the Ayat “ Except the one whose chest is open to Kufr” ( Nahl 106) and their trying to reduce Kufr to belief
“ And the saying of Allah “ Except the one whose chest is open to Kufr” is not on what they thought about belief of Kufr only, but every one who speaks words that are ruled by Ahlul Islam with Hukm of Kufr without being a reader ( of these words like one reads in Quran sayings of jews and Christians) or being witness nor quoting them nor forced ( to say them) then his chest has open to Kufr, meaning he opened his chest for accepting the Kufr forbidden to say on Ahlul Islam and Ahlul Kufr and it is the same if they believe in it or do not believe in it, because this actions is from declaration of Kufr without the permissible forms in his intention ( reading, quoting, being forced to, being witness) and it is opening of his heart for that ( saying), so their justification with this Ayat ha sbecome Batil and Tawfeeq is from Allah Ta’ala” ( fasl fi Milal)
So one can see that Ibn Hazm although he was a Jahmi in Asma wa Sifat, yet he matters of Iman and Kufr was on creed of Ahlus Sunnah...and his rejection of Murjiyah has been praised by Shaykhul Islam
Bazdawi Al Hanafi said : “ Making fun with apostasy is Kufr not because of what he made fun but because of making fun by itself…and making fun with words of Kufr is istikhfaf of religion of Truth so he becomes apostate with itself…”
Ibnul ‘Arabi Al Maliki said about Ayat of mocking Ayat of Allah : “ And it is not free that they said this out of seriousness or by joke, and however of both it is kufr because joke with Kufr is Kufr, and there is no khilaf in it between the Ummah”
And Qurtubee mentioned ibnul ‘Arabi’s saying approving it.
Fakhrudeen Ar Razi said in tafseer of same Ayat : “ Mockery of religion in whatever form is Kufr in Allah…secondly it shows falsehood of the one who says that Kufr does not come except with actions of heart”
So Razi although being philosopher of Ashairah said that Kufr can come without actions of hearts, so just with actions of limbs…
Ibn Qudamah said : “ The one who insults Allah Ta’ala becomes a Kafir wether he was joking or was serious and the same for the one mocking Allah Ta’ala or with His Ayats or his Messengers or His books” ( Al Mughni)\
Taftazani said : “ The one joking with apostasy becomes apostate with joke by itself and not with what he made fun of because of what is in it of Istikhfaf of religion…and there is answer in it on what is said that apostasy comes only with change of creed, and joking negates it because lack of acceptation of Hukm” ( Sharh Talweeh)
So Taftazani who is known as philosopher of Maturidiyah also said that Kufr can come without change of creed with actions negating faith...
So we can see philosopher of Ashari and Maturidi, Razi and Taftazani both saying that kufr does not necessary comes from creed...
And nowadays some people say that insulting Allah is not Kufr by itself but action of heart and belief makes him Kafir
And Allah's help is sought
Zarkashi Ash-Shafi’i said : “ The one who spoke with words of Kufr joking and he did not intend Kufr, becomes kafir” ( Al Manthoor fi qawaid fiqhiyah)
Suyuti said : “ Apostasy is breaking Islam with intention ( niyah) or saying of Kufr or action whether he said that joking or with ‘inad or with I’tiqad” ( Jawahirul ‘Uqood)
San’ani said : “ Fuqahah have affirmed in books of Fiqh in chapter of apostasy that the one who speaks with words of Kufr becomes Kafir even if he did not mean its meaning (without belief in words of Kufr they said)” ( Tathirul I’tiqad)
Shawkani said : “ And these leaders come with a lot of words of Kufr and they say they are Jews they would do this and they would do that and (they become) apostate sometimes with saying and sometimes with actions and they perceive it not” ( Dawa ul ‘Ajil)
Ibn Abideen said in Radul Muhtar : “ Chapter apostate : His saying ( one who jokes with words of Kufr) meaning he spoke with them with his choice without intending its meaning ( without belief of what he was joking)…same as prostrating to idol or throwing Mushaf in filthy places then he becomes Kafir even if he is Musadiq ( has tasdeeq of heart in Islam”
Ibn Taymiyah said : “ These people who affirming the saying of Jahm and Salihi, they have affirmed that insulting Allah and His Messenger and talking with trinity and all words from words of Kufr, it is not Kufr in Batin but it is a daleel in Zahir on the Kufr and it is possible that this man insulting swearing is in Batin cognizant of Allah and Muwahid believer in it, and when prove is established on them with Nass or Ijma’ that this one is Kafir in Batin and Zahir, they say : This leads that this ( insult) necessitate At-Takzeeb Al-Batin and Iman necessicate absence of this ( insult). It is said to them : with us are two known matters
First of them : Known with necessity of deen
Second : Known with necessity in our selves after reflection
As for the first, we know that the one who insults Allah or His Messenger Taw’an (freely) without compulsion, rather spoke with words of Kufr Ta’ian (freely) without anyone forcing him, and the one who mocks of Allah and His Ayats and His Messenger then he is Kafir in Batin and Zahir.
And the one who says that similar to this in Batin can be believer in Allah and he is only Kafir in Zahir, then he has said a saying known with Fasad by necessity from religion.
Allah has indeed mentioned words of Kufar in Quran and ruled them with their Kufr and their deserving punishment with that, and if their sayings of Kufr were in level of witness of Shuhood on them or level of Iqrar in which the one doing Iqrar can be mistaken, Allah did not make then from people of Wa’id ( promised with punishment) with Shahadah that can be truthful or can be a lie, and it was appropriate (elseway) that He did not punish them except with condition of truthfulness of Shahadah, and this is like His Saying Ta’ala “ Have committed Kufr those who said Allah is third of three” “ Have indeen committed Kufr those who said that Allah os Masih ibn Maryam”
( Ibn Taymiyah is saying that Allah ruled Kufar that say words of Kufr to be Kufar because of their saying, and he did not add condition that they should have sidq ( truthfulness) in what they say, so just by saying these words with purpose one becomes Kafir, else Allah would say those who believe Allah is third or son of Maryam are Kufar, those who lie in saying that are not Kufar)
As for second : If the heart is believer in Sidq ( truthfulness) of the Messenger, and that he is Messenger, and is lover of the Messenger of Allah respecting him, this would prevent him from cursing him or insulting him, this cannot be conceived from him except with some kinds of Istikhfaf of him or of his Honour, and it is known from this that only belief only that he is truthful is not Iman except with his love and Ta’theem in heart” ( Majmoo’ 7/557-558)
Ibn Taymiyah also said :
“ His Saying : “ Anyone who, after accepting Faith in Allah, utters Unbelief, - except under compulsion, his heart remaining firm in Faith - but such as open their breast to Unbelief, on them is Wrath from Allah, and theirs will be a dreadful Penalty. This because they love the life of this world better than the Hereafter: and Allah will not guide disbeliever people. Those are they whose hearts, ears, and eyes Allah has sealed up, and they take no heed. Without doubt, in the Hereafter they will perish.” (Nahl 106-109)
He Ta’ala mentioned that they deserved Wa’eed ( promise of punishment) because of that ( preference of duniya over Akhirah). And it is known that chapter of Tasdiq and Takzeeb and knowledge and ignorance is not the chapter of love and hate, and these people ( murjiyah) say that they only deserved wa’eed because of Zawal (disappearance) of Tasdeeq and Iman in their hearts, and if it is so then its causis can be love of duniya on Akhirah and Allah Subhanahu wa Ta’ala has made preference of duniya over Akhirah the basis making loss wajib. And preference of Duniya on Akhirah can be with knowledge and Tasdeeq that Kufr will harm in hereafter and that they will not have any share in the hereafter.
And Also because He glory to Him made exception of the compelled from the Kufar, and if Kufr was only with Takzeeb of heart or its ignorance then the one compelled would not be given exception from that, because compulsion on this is impossible, so it is known that speaking with Kufr is Kufr except in case of Ikrah ( compulsion).
And His saying : “but such as open their breast to Unbelief” meaning preference of Duniya over Akhirah, and from this is the saying of the Prophet (saw) : “ The man will be believer in the morning and Kafir in the night, and he will be believer in the night and become Kafir in the morning, he sells his religion from exchange of Duniya” ( Muslim), so the one who speaks without Ikrah, he does not speak except his chest is open for that.” ( Majmoo’ 7/561-599)
So ibn Taymiyah answered Murjiyah who do istidlal with Ayah “but such as open their breast to Unbelief” that Kufr only comes with belief. And Ibn Taymiyah clarified that one who said words of Kufr without compulsion then he has commited nnothing else but Kufr...there is no other excuse for saying words of kufr...
One cannot say words of Kufr for joking or for playing in movie or for money...
And Ibn Taymiyah said : “ And if it is said “Allah said : “but such as open their breast to Unbelief” it is said : this is in accordance with its beginning because the one who does Kufr without Ikrah then he has opened his chest for Kufr, otherwise the beginning of the Ayah will oppose its end, and if the meaning of the one who committed Kufr is the one who opens his chest, this can be without ikrah, He would not have made exception of compelled only, but it was wajib to make exception of the compelled and the non compelled when his heart is not opened ( to Kufr), and when he talked words of Kufr freely he has then opened his chest for that and it is Kufr. And this is shown by His saying Ta’ala :
“The Hypocrites are afraid that a Sura should be sent down about them, showing them what is (really passing) in their hearts. Say: "Mock ye! but verily Allah will bring to light all that ye fear (should be revealed)."
If you ask them, they declare "We were only talking idly and in play." Say: "Was it at Allah, and His Signs, and His Messenger, that you were mocking?"
Make no excuses: ye have committed Kufr after your Iman. If We pardon some of you, We will punish others amongst you, for that they are in sin.”
So He has informed that they are committed Kufr after their Iman with their Saying : We have spoken with Kufr without belief in it, but we were joking and playing. And He made clear that mockery of Ayats of Allah is Kufr, and this cannot be except for someone who opened his heart for these words, and if there was Iman in their Heart, it would have forbidden them from these words.” ( Majmoo’ 7/220)
So Ibn Taymiyah made it clear that if Kufr only came for the one who opens his chest to Kufr, meaning only by creed, then Allah would say that the one who utters words of kufr except compelled and those not intending meaning and not saying words of Kufr with belief...
But Allah made only exception of the compelled not for the one saying words of Kufr without belief in heart for fun or money...
So saying words of Kufr without ikrah is opening his chest for disbelief...
Ibn Taymiyah said in his famous “Sarim Al Maslool” : “ The one who says with his tongue words of Kufr without any need on purpose knowing that they are words of Kufr, then he commits kufr with that in Zahir and Batin, and because it is not permissible to say : In Batin it is possible he is believer, and the one who says that has maraqa minal Islam.
Allah glory to him said : “Anyone who, after accepting Faith in Allah, utters Unbelief, - except under compulsion, his heart remaining firm in Faith - but such as open their chest to Unbelief, on them is Wrath from Allah, and theirs will be a dreadful Punishment”
And it is known that it is not meant by Kufr here belief of heart only ( I’tiqadul Qalb faqat), because the man is not compelled on that, and the one compelled was exempted, and it was not meant the one who says and believes (altogether) ( Qala wa’taqada), because the one exempted is the compelled and he is not compelled on belief and saying ( altogether) , one is only compelled on saying only.
It is known that the one intended (here) is the one who speaks with words of Kufr and there is wrath of Allah on him and a dreadful punishment and he is Kafir with that except the one compelled and his heart is still on faith, but the one whose chest open for kufr among compelled, they are kafir as well, so the one who speaks with Kufr becomes kafir except the one compelled and he says on his tongue words of Kufr and his heart remains firm on Iman. And Allah said about the people mocking : “Do not find excuses you have committed kufr after your Iman”
Comment : I think Ibn Taymiyah's istidlal comes clear, the Ayah does not mean one who utters Kufr and belives in words of Kufr at same time that he says, rather the Ayah means the one who only say that, because compulsion can only be on saying.
So Murjiyah who say that saying words of Kufr is only when one has creed associated to that, and it is impossible to undertand this meaning because compulsion is for action alone, so the same the Kufr meant is of action and not conditionned with belief of heart.
And Ibn Taymiyah said also in Sarim Al Maslool : “ The one who insults Allah or insults His Messenger has become kafir in Zahir and Batin, and it is the same whether he believed that it is Haram or he was considering that Halal for him or was neglectful of his creed ( kana Zahilan ‘an I’tiqadihi), this is the Madhab of Fuqahah and Ahlus Sunnah saying that Iman is saying and action…so it is transmitted from Shafii that he was asked about making fun of something from Ayat of Allah Ta’ala and he said : he is Kafir and he took daleel from Allah’s saying Ta’ala : “ Say: "Was it at Allah, and His Signs, and His Messenger, that you were mocking?" Make no excuses: ye have committed Kufr after your Iman”
And the same our companions and others said : the one who insults Allah becomes Kafir and it is the same whether he was joking or was serious because of this Ayat and it is the truth with certainty…
And it is wajib to know that the saying that Kufr of the one insulting in fact is because of his considering Halal for him to insult is a big rejected mistake and a serious error…and this for many reasons…
fourth reason : because if the Mukafir ( one making takfeer) is the creed of being Halal, then there is nothing in insult showing that the one insulting believes ( that to be) Halal, so he should not be declared Kafir and specially when he says : I believe that it is Haram, I only say that out of ghayz and stupidity or joking and playing, as the hypocrites said : “ We were joking and playing” as the one says : I have done Qazf of him or lied on him playing and joking, and if it is said they (insulting or mocking) are not kufar them it is against Nass of Quran, and if it is said they are Kufar then it is Takfeer without the thing making it wajib as he did not make insulting by Itself Mukafir ( Lam Yaj’al nafsa Sabbi Mukafiran)…
Comment : So ibn Taymiyah blamed those who said that insulting Allah is Kufr because one doing that make Istihlal, then ibn Taymiyah blamed them for not making the insult by Itself Mukafir...as insult can be without this associates creed...
The same it can be without belief of heart, it can be for wordly gain for playing in a movie or making Kufar happy of him...
So the words of Ibn Taymiyah are clear enough that thing making one Kafir is the insult by Itself...not creed associated to that...and only excuse for sayings words of Kufr is ikrah...and he told that Murjiyah say that one insulting can be believer inside and only one who opens his chest to Kufr becomes Kafir...
I think it is sufficient for this topic, and scholars of Najd just said what ibn Taymiyah said. Muhammad ibn Abdil Wahab aftert mentionning Nawaqid said there is no difference wether one does them seriously or joking...and these Nawaqid includes Magic, mocking religion...
And scholars of najd Sulayman ibn Abdillah, Abder Rahman ibn Hassan, Hamd ibn 'Ateeq, Aba Bateen, ibn Baz, the Lajnah all said the same about insulting Allah or mocking religion...it is kufr wether one was joking and not believeing in that.
May Allah guide us all