MostafaAs-salafi
11th January 2006, 07:19 PM
This is not my work rather its a translation by Abu Layth</p>
What follows is a <u>brief </u>translation of the chapter "Sharaa'it As-Salah" (conditions of Salah) of the book "Al Kaafi fi Fiqh Al-Imaam Ahmad". Basically this book is a manual for the final opinions of the madh-hab of the Hanbalis. There are many points I have left untranslated. I will translate the rest when I'm up to it insha'allah. Consider this an abridgment, not a direct translation. I have only really translated the main points so that the ignorant, like myself, can learn the basics of the Hanbali madh-hab regarding Salah.
<u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%">The Conditions (Shuroot) of Salah According to the Hanabalah</span></u>
<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%">الطهارة من الحدث</span>
Taharah from Hadath. This refers to the obligation of making Ghusl from Janabah, and Wudhu' after passing wind etc.
<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%">الطهارة من النجس</span>
Taharah from Najas: This refers to purification from physical impurities. The Prophet commanded Asmaa bint Abi Bakr regarding the blood from the menses to scrape it off and to then wash it, then you cold pray in the garment. This is proof it is necessary to purify the garments.
<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%">ستر العورة</span>
Covering the 'Awrah is the third condition. That is because what is reported from 'Aa'ishah ® that the nabi saaws said, "Allah does not accept the Salah of the woman, except with a khimaar." [Abu Daawood]
As for the man then his 'awrah is what is between the navel and the knees because what is reported by Abu Ayyub Al Ansaari, that Rasoolullah (SAAWS) said, "Below the navel and above the knees is from the 'awrah". [Reported by Abu Bakr with his isnaad]
And from Jarhad that the Nabi SAAWS said, "Cover your thigh. For verily the thigh is from the 'Awrah." [Ahmad]
And the navel and the knees are not from the 'awrah!
Some from the Hanabala maintain that it is waajib to wear the man's garment from over his shoulders. The proof is what is reported in Muslim and Bukhaari that the Nabi (SAAWS) said,
'The man is not to pray in one garment, unless it is upon his shoulders.' And Al-Qaadhi stated, "Covering the shoulders is waajib regarding the fardh."
With regards the 'Awrah of the woman then it is everything but the face. And there are two reports from the Hanabala, the hands and face, or just the face.
As for the proof for allowance of the hands to be exposed then it is the Tafseer reported by Ibn 'Abbas,
<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%">ولا يبدين زينتهن إلا ما ظهر منها</span>
"And do not show any of your adornment, except the apparent thereof," He said,
"The hands and the face". [Note by Abul Layth, this narration seems to be weak wallahu 'alim]
With regards the face only allowed being shown the proof for that is,
"Allah does not accept the Salah of the woman, except with a khimaar." [Abu Daawood]
And the hadeeth of Umm Salamah asked the nabi saaws, Ya Rasoolullah, can a woman pray in a dir' and khimaar without an Izaar? He said, "Yes" As long as it is long enough to cover the tops of the feet. [Abu Daawood]
So from this they derive if the garment is long enough and big enough to cover the whole body, the obviously this would mean the hands are covered also.
<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%">استقبال القبلة</span>
Facing the direstion of the Qiblah. That is because Allah commanded it in the qur'aan.
<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%">الوقت</span>
The fifth, is that it is the time for Salah. And there is Ijmaa' upon this [See Al Kaafi of fiqh imaam ahmad]
<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%">النية</span>
Sixth: The Niyyah (intention). And there is no disagreement regarding it. That is due to the hadeeth of the nabi saaws, "Actions are but by their intentions…"
Its place is the heart and not the tongue.</p>
What follows is a <u>brief </u>translation of the chapter "Sharaa'it As-Salah" (conditions of Salah) of the book "Al Kaafi fi Fiqh Al-Imaam Ahmad". Basically this book is a manual for the final opinions of the madh-hab of the Hanbalis. There are many points I have left untranslated. I will translate the rest when I'm up to it insha'allah. Consider this an abridgment, not a direct translation. I have only really translated the main points so that the ignorant, like myself, can learn the basics of the Hanbali madh-hab regarding Salah.
<u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%">The Conditions (Shuroot) of Salah According to the Hanabalah</span></u>
<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%">الطهارة من الحدث</span>
Taharah from Hadath. This refers to the obligation of making Ghusl from Janabah, and Wudhu' after passing wind etc.
<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%">الطهارة من النجس</span>
Taharah from Najas: This refers to purification from physical impurities. The Prophet commanded Asmaa bint Abi Bakr regarding the blood from the menses to scrape it off and to then wash it, then you cold pray in the garment. This is proof it is necessary to purify the garments.
<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%">ستر العورة</span>
Covering the 'Awrah is the third condition. That is because what is reported from 'Aa'ishah ® that the nabi saaws said, "Allah does not accept the Salah of the woman, except with a khimaar." [Abu Daawood]
As for the man then his 'awrah is what is between the navel and the knees because what is reported by Abu Ayyub Al Ansaari, that Rasoolullah (SAAWS) said, "Below the navel and above the knees is from the 'awrah". [Reported by Abu Bakr with his isnaad]
And from Jarhad that the Nabi SAAWS said, "Cover your thigh. For verily the thigh is from the 'Awrah." [Ahmad]
And the navel and the knees are not from the 'awrah!
Some from the Hanabala maintain that it is waajib to wear the man's garment from over his shoulders. The proof is what is reported in Muslim and Bukhaari that the Nabi (SAAWS) said,
'The man is not to pray in one garment, unless it is upon his shoulders.' And Al-Qaadhi stated, "Covering the shoulders is waajib regarding the fardh."
With regards the 'Awrah of the woman then it is everything but the face. And there are two reports from the Hanabala, the hands and face, or just the face.
As for the proof for allowance of the hands to be exposed then it is the Tafseer reported by Ibn 'Abbas,
<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%">ولا يبدين زينتهن إلا ما ظهر منها</span>
"And do not show any of your adornment, except the apparent thereof," He said,
"The hands and the face". [Note by Abul Layth, this narration seems to be weak wallahu 'alim]
With regards the face only allowed being shown the proof for that is,
"Allah does not accept the Salah of the woman, except with a khimaar." [Abu Daawood]
And the hadeeth of Umm Salamah asked the nabi saaws, Ya Rasoolullah, can a woman pray in a dir' and khimaar without an Izaar? He said, "Yes" As long as it is long enough to cover the tops of the feet. [Abu Daawood]
So from this they derive if the garment is long enough and big enough to cover the whole body, the obviously this would mean the hands are covered also.
<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%">استقبال القبلة</span>
Facing the direstion of the Qiblah. That is because Allah commanded it in the qur'aan.
<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%">الوقت</span>
The fifth, is that it is the time for Salah. And there is Ijmaa' upon this [See Al Kaafi of fiqh imaam ahmad]
<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%">النية</span>
Sixth: The Niyyah (intention). And there is no disagreement regarding it. That is due to the hadeeth of the nabi saaws, "Actions are but by their intentions…"
Its place is the heart and not the tongue.</p>