On the hukm of apostasy...
"The death penalty for apostasy is not from the Koran, but based on a teaching of Muhammad where he said that executing a Muslim was only allowed for three crimes: (1) murder; (2) adultery when married and (3) “one who forsakes his religion and abandons the community.” The political ramifications of apostasy are clear in this Prophetic teaching; in the past, your faith-community was also your political community – all Muslims had to pledge allegiance to the Caliph or to one of his representatives, for example. Furthermore, to abandon Islam was to renounce the Muslim body-politic. Thus, apostasy was akin to treason, especially since religious wars featured prominently in the ancient and medieval worlds. Even today, treason during war carries a possible death penalty under English law.
The predominant modern Muslim view no longer regards apostasy as a crime, based on the above-mentioned interpretation of the Prophet’s teaching and upon the injunction, “Let there be no compulsion in religion,” (Koran, 2:256) and affirms the freedom of religious belief. This is the view of many leading experts and authorities in Islamic law throughout the world.
Laws against blasphemy are tricky since the protection of values that are sacred to any society is important. For example, there are laws against Holocaust-denial in many European countries and political scientists who criticize democracy are treated as heretics in secular, liberal societies. Finally, it should be noted that any laws against apostasy and blasphemy are almost-impossible to enforce fairly in modern, complex societies. Islamic law, which has always been flexible and dynamic although based on core values, must adapt as usual to changing conditions."

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